Criticism of Abul Hasan Ameri's View of the Grace System

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Professor of Philosophy and Theology, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University (SRTTU), Tehran, Iran

10.22080/jre.2024.26600.1193

Abstract

One of the fundamental issues, especially for those who believe in the unity of God, is that by maintaining the unity of God, how is it possible for many beings to be created by the Supreme Being? Different scientists, especially those who believe in divine monotheism, have tried to solve this problem. Although Abul Hasan Ameri has not clearly said anything about the Grace System in his available works, it can be seen from all his works that he paid attention to this discussion in two ways: through the upper and lower worlds. He introduced the world of abstracts as part of the upper world and the world of matter and nature as part of the lower world. Ameri's statement about the hierarchy of beings can be seen as his view on the Grace system. He has placed God at the head of the chain of beings and believed that God is the Creator and All-Knower who surrounds all beings, and after him are the intellects, which cannot be experienced and divided and surround the stages after them. In the third stage, there are souls, which are natural and dualistic matters, and in the final stage, there are natures and bodies, which lack life and are under the control of souls and their superior causes. Of course, based on Ameri’s existing works, it is not possible to accurately know his views about longitudinal and transverse intellects, the number of intellects, and the relationship between intellects and planets, as well as plant, animal, human, and celestial beings.

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