Explanation of the Problem of Evil Based on the Personal Unity of Existence in Mulla Sadra's Philosophy

Authors

1 Assistant professor of Islamic philosophy and theology, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran

2 Ph.D Student of Hikmat Mutaaliah, University of Ferdowsi

10.22080/jre.2024.27270.1200

Abstract

So far, the problem of Evil has been raised based on nature's originality or existence. In the second case, it was either based on the explanation of entities or the establishment of existence. However, many philosophical issues, such as the problem of Evil, were covered with the design and proof of Mulla Sadra's theory of personal unity of existence. Based on this theory, since existence is the truth of a personal unit, the world of existence is related to God and is one of his affairs. The evil interpretation of beings is based on the fact that existence has multiple instances, while according to the personal unity of existence, existence does not have a second instance. When existence has only one instance, Evil will be negated. According to Sadra's point of view, the appropriate answer to the problem of classification of beings will be obtained through proper knowledge about fixed essences and entities and the rules specific to them. The essences that lack existence will possess it with the generosity of God. Therefore, the return of numerous condemned things along with evils and sins are fixed to the same essences and nobles and are considered one of their essentials, which, in the downward course of the truth of existence, has caused conflict between them and the occurrence of Evil. Therefore, the return of all good deeds is due to God, and God's forgiveness is free from shortcomings, and the defects return to the nature of things and their inherent aspect.

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