A look at the problems of mental causality from the perspective of transcendental wisdom

Authors

1 PhD student, Islamic Philosophy and Theology, Faculty of Theology, Ilam, Iran

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Islamic Philosophy and Theology, Faculty of Theology, Ilam, Iran

3 Associate Professor, Department of Philosophy and Islamic Theology, Razavi University of Islamic Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

10.22080/jepr.2025.28218.1236

Abstract

One of the issues that has long been of interest among philosophers is the recognition of the existential dimensions of man and, as a result, the provision of a comprehensive definition of human identity. This discussion, under the title of the mind-body issue, began in Western philosophy at the time of Descartes, who believed that human identity is composed of two distinct substances: material and abstract. Descartes' inability to dispel doubts such as the relationship between an extended substance and an impermanent substance caused Western analytical philosophers to lean mainly towards physicalism in later periods. However, in Islamic philosophy, the discussion of the relationship between the soul and the body is considered one of the oldest and most interesting topics. In this article, which has been compiled using a descriptive-analytical method, the issue of the relationship between the soul and the body is first examined from the perspective of analytical philosophers, and then, while explaining the course of the issue in Islamic philosophy, Mulla Sadra's opinion on transcendental wisdom is given special attention. The author has finally concluded that based on Mulla Sadra's skeptical monism, the problems with the relationship between soul and body can be answered.

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