Experience in the Field of Cognition: A Comparative Analysis of the Approaches of the Holy Quran and Logical Positivism

Authors

1 Assistant Professor, Department of Theology and Islamic Studies, Farhangian University of Mazandaran

2 Visiting Lecturer, Department of Theology and Islamic Studies, Farhangian University of Mazandaran

10.22080/jepr.2025.29655.1286

Abstract

There are numerous methods for acquiring knowledge, such as sense and experience, reason and intuition, conscience and revelation, which mankind has benefited from throughout history. In the 20th century, logical positivists limited knowledge to the monopoly of sense and experience and, like Descartes, sought the unity and integration of sciences In contrast, the Holy Quran, by utilizing all available methods, has tried to enhance human consciousness in a comprehensive and all-round way. The Quran not only uses sense and experience to understand the natural world, but also uses them to reach supernatural truths. This research, using a descriptive-analytical method, comparatively examines the role and position of experience in the epistemology of the Holy Quran and logical positivism. The findings show that the monopoly of knowledge in the experimental method, although very effective in understanding natural and scientific issues, causes limitations in understanding metaphysical and ethical issues and paves the way for the closure of these areas. In contrast, the Quran, with a comprehensive and integrated approach, uses experience alongside other epistemological methods and uses it in all sciences, both natural and supernatural. Accordingly, the empirical method cannot be considered as the only method of knowledge, but rather, along with other methods, it has a complementary and determining role

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