A Philosophical Analysis of the Application of String Theory in Atheistic Arguments

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1 PhD Candidate, Philosophy of Religion, Farabi Campus, University of Tehran

2 Professor of Philosophy of Religion, University of Tehran

10.22080/jepr.2026.30016.1295

Abstract

This article critically examines the philosophical foundations of arguments that use string theory to deny the existence of God, demonstrating that these arguments are rooted in an extreme positivist approach. This perspective, which only considers knowledge from empirical evidence and physical models as valid, attempts to solve metaphysical problems with scientific tools. However, we argue that such an approach involves a category mistake, as physics addresses the "how" of the universe, while questions regarding the existence of a Creator belong to the realm of "why" and metaphysics. Subsequently, the article meticulously analyzes arguments such as the multiverse and the self-sufficiency of physical laws, showing that these ideas, even if scientifically valid, do not fully answer fundamental questions about the ultimate origin of existence and the nature of these laws. It is also noted that due to its hypothetical nature and lack of empirical evidence, string theory cannot serve as a definitive basis for philosophical conclusions. Ultimately, this article concludes that string theory, rather than being a threat to theology, can act as a catalyst for deeper reflections on the relationship between science and faith. By understanding that both science and religion seek truth within their own domains, one can achieve synergy instead of conflict.

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