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Current employer: The Imam Khomeini Education and Research
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عضو هیئت علمی دانشگاه ادیان، گروه فلسفه معاصر
10.22080/jepr.2026.32285.1350
Abstract
Blame is one of the most fundamental concepts in contemporary theories of moral responsibility, and its proper conceptualization plays a decisive role in understanding moral accountability, interpersonal relationships, and the normative structure of moral life. Despite the profound influence of P. F. Strawson’s theory of reactive attitudes on contemporary moral philosophy, a central controversy remains: should blame be understood merely as an emotional reaction within the participant stance, or does it embody a normative and rational structure that transcends emotional experience? Against this background, the present study offers a critical reappraisal of the concept of blame within the Strawsonian tradition and examines the explanatory potential of Pamela Hieronymi’s interpretation in reconstructing this concept. The central research question asks how Hieronymi’s theory of normative protest relates to Strawson’s account of reactive attitudes and whether it should be regarded as a departure from, or rather a deepening and refinement of, the Strawsonian framework. The study adopts an analytical–conceptual methodology based on a critical examination of primary philosophical texts, a systematic comparison of the views of Strawson and Hieronymi, and engagement with the works of R. Jay Wallace, T. M. Scanlon, Stephen Darwall, and Michael McKenna. The findings indicate that Hieronymi does not propose an alternative to Strawson’s theory; rather, she uncovers the rational and normative structure implicit in reactive attitudes and reconceives blame not merely as an emotional response but as an act of normative protest against an objectionable attitude that fails to express the respect owed to others. Furthermore
Amani, N. , Legenhausen, M. , & طباطبایی, س. م. (2026). The Analysis of the Concept of Normative Protest in Hieronymi’s Interpretation of Strawson’s Reactive Attitudes. Journal of Explorations in Philosophy and Religion, 5(2), -. doi: 10.22080/jepr.2026.32285.1350
MLA
Nayereh Amani; Muhammad Legenhausen; سید مرتضی طباطبایی. "The Analysis of the Concept of Normative Protest in Hieronymi’s Interpretation of Strawson’s Reactive Attitudes", Journal of Explorations in Philosophy and Religion, 5, 2, 2026, -. doi: 10.22080/jepr.2026.32285.1350
HARVARD
Amani, N., Legenhausen, M., طباطبایی, س. م. (2026). 'The Analysis of the Concept of Normative Protest in Hieronymi’s Interpretation of Strawson’s Reactive Attitudes', Journal of Explorations in Philosophy and Religion, 5(2), pp. -. doi: 10.22080/jepr.2026.32285.1350
CHICAGO
N. Amani , M. Legenhausen and س. م. طباطبایی, "The Analysis of the Concept of Normative Protest in Hieronymi’s Interpretation of Strawson’s Reactive Attitudes," Journal of Explorations in Philosophy and Religion, 5 2 (2026): -, doi: 10.22080/jepr.2026.32285.1350
VANCOUVER
Amani, N., Legenhausen, M., طباطبایی, س. م. The Analysis of the Concept of Normative Protest in Hieronymi’s Interpretation of Strawson’s Reactive Attitudes. Journal of Explorations in Philosophy and Religion, 2026; 5(2): -. doi: 10.22080/jepr.2026.32285.1350
