Replacement Theory as a Solution for the Existential Treatment of Evil

Authors

1 M.A student in Islamic Philosophy and Theology, Faculty of Theology, University of Tehran

2 Associate Professor, Department of Philosophy and Islamic Theology, Faculty of Theology, University of Tehran

10.22080/jre.2024.25815.1182

Abstract

The problem of evil, which is considered one of the most challenging philosophical-theological issues, is specifically considered as a way to challenge the essence of God's existence or God's perfect attributes. For this reason, philosophers with different religions have tried to respond to different interpretations of the problem of evil in its natural, moral and existential aspects. Although the existential aspect of the problem of evil has been neglected in most of the answers. In the meantime, Muslim theologians have tried to show the compatibility of evil with the doctrine of divine justice by presenting and cultivating the theory of compensation. In this research, after examining some types of answers to the problem of evil, and mentioning the views of some theologians, especially the elders of Imamiyyah, the basics of the compensation theory are analyzed, as well as the rational and narrative evidence of the theory. Also, the theory of justice, which tells about the right of the oppressed from the oppressor by God, is presented as a complement to the theory of compensation. This theory does not ignore the existential aspect of the problem of evil, therefore, in this research, it has been read as a solution to the existential aspect of evil. Also, in comparison with Yalom's psychotherapy theories, it is shown that the compensation theory becomes meaningful in the light of an authentic and real relationship between God and man, and it can be seriously considered as a therapeutic solution for people affected by suffering.

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